Religion and Dance Essay

Do you see any similarities between the rituals of primitive societies and rituals that we have in today’s society? Society today does use dance in religious ceremonies or occasions but not necessarily in a ritualistic form that earlier primitive societies would use per say. However, dance in both today and past societies used basic, everyday motions and movements to form dances, where some of these dance practices are still used even today. How might one’s moral, religious and ethical values influence their thoughts and opinions on art? Discuss specific examples in relation to the question. Some religions might view dance as promiscuous or offensive with mere basic body movements such as a hip sway or that of similar movements. For example, most people generally view a traditional form of dance, the belly dance, in the Islamic culture as â€Å"sexual† yet that is not the sole purpose of it whatsoever. Even in today’s society, people are aware that the image of sex is everywhere and can even be seen in the modern day dance culture. Regardless of a person’s religious background, values, or beliefs, anyone can decide on what they consider to be art. All of these factors can influence one’s decision on what art is to them. Can you think of any works of art, in addition to the ones mentioned, that were not readily accepted by the society in which they were created, but held in high regards years later? John Singer Sargent’s â€Å"Madame Pierre Gautreau†, created in 1884, caused a huge uproar over the reddish pink color used on the woman’s ear lobe. At the time, it was considered far too suggestive and supposedly ruining the reputation of high-society. What do you think is meant by the final statement â€Å"†¦an audience’s response to a dance says as much about the audience as it does the dance,† and do you agree or disagree with this statement? The statement basically says that the way an audience reacts to a dance explains and gives a representation of their interpretation of the piece. Meaning both as individuals and as a whole audience. I personally agree with the statement, mainly because it is true. The viewers are just as important as the dance itself because they are the one’s that give meaning to a dance or any work of art for that matter.

Hazlitt RH Analysis Essay

In this world, money is a necessity. In William Hazlitt’s critical and didactic excerpt from, â€Å"On the Want of Money,† he bears witness and exposes to his audience that although money is not necessarily a source of happiness, it is fundamental in order to achieve any other sort of joy and comfort on earth. Hazlitt employs adverse diction and the layering of evidence through syntax to then further his argument on the necessity of money. Hazlitt’s fatalistic diction exposed to the readers how without money, one’s life on earth is rather misfortunate and uncomfortable, to say the least. Words such as, â€Å"despised,† â€Å"exile,† â€Å"rejected,† and â€Å"avoided,† reveal the bleak lifestyle of a poverty-stricken, penniless human being. This pessimistic diction suggests and constructs the awful, unhappy life that one will live in the lack of money. Words such as, â€Å"disappointment,† dissatisfied,† â€Å"querulous,† and â€Å"morose,† demonstrates the discontent which one lives life feeling if there is no money to spend on luxuries and other such pleasures. However, diction such as, â€Å"hope,† â€Å"succeed,† â€Å"enthusiasm,† and â€Å"fortune,† suggest that a life of riches and abundance is also a life of satisfaction. Through Hazlitt’s gloomy diction, he was able to disclose with his audience his position on the necessity of money if one desires to life a well-off, enjoyable life. William Hazlitt’s layering of evidence aided in bringing to light his argument on the vitality of having money in order to live a favorable life because he had the information to sustain his appeal. One piece of material exercised to further his point was â€Å"to be a law-stationer, or a scrivener or scavenger,† suggesting that a life without money is similar to the life of a scrounger with nothing of his own. The evidence, to be â€Å"avoided by those who know your worth and shrink from it is as a claim on their respect or their purse,† manifests the idea that you will be treated differently by those who  are aware of the amount of money in your pocket. Lastly, the piece of evidence stating, â€Å"to be a burden to your relations, or unable to do anything for them,† validates that with money, people will feel pity for you and your situation, but without it, you cannot help others—or yourself. The layering of evidence done through syntax in this advisory excerpt exposes the theme that Hazlitt was constructing: being the fact that in this society, money will be the cornerstone to happiness and progress. â€Å"Literally and truly, one cannot get on well in this world without money.† William Hazlitt both understood and felt that it was his duty to prove to his audience why money has become a necessity in this world. He employed depressing diction and the scaffolding of evidence to more clearly emphasize his point of view â€Å"on the want of money.†

Take home exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Take home exam - Assignment Example The attitude of the customers also gets influenced by the promotional activities carried out by the company such as advertisement. Irrespective of the nature of the customers, it is the duty of the marketers to properly understand the needs of the customers. In doing so the marketers would be able to develop goods or services which would meet the need of the customers a lot more precisely than the competitors, The main problem is that the consumer decision making process is a complex on and understanding the mindset of the consumers correctly is quite difficult. The customers do not actually make purchases without thinking carefully about the needs. Wherever there is a presence of the choice, decisions are also usually involved and these decisions are most of the times influenced by changing motives. The organization that can understand why customers make decisions such as who buys the products; how they buy; where they buy; why they buy; would have more chances to become successful. The philosophy that guides all the marketing activities is the core concept of marketing. The idea that an organization should look to try to satisfy the needs of the customers through coordinated activities that allows the marketers to achieve the marketing objectives; The marketing concept states that a business should first understand the needs of the customers and then develop the products accordingly. ... To implement the marketing concept a company must have good information regarding the needs and demands of the customers to develop a customer oriented strategy (Pride and Ferrel 4). As far the topic of forcing the customers to buy products that the customer may not is concerned; it can be said that the core concept of marketing actually puts the customers at the very beginning of the marketing process. Before developing any products the marketers usually go for a market research to understand the need and demand of the customers and then only the products as per the needs of the customers are developed. Any great innovation including the launch of the smart phones is actually a result of the understanding the customer demand through he market research. Addition of mp3 players of cameras are actually augmentation. The core product of a cell phone remains to be the on the go telecommunication facility provided by the phone. But features such as cameras or mps players actually were lov ed by the customers. Hence the marketers realized that the customers are actually looking for total package in a cell phone and hence the marketers such as Apple and Samsung decided to launch smart phones. The same principles can be applied in case of automobile manufactures also, in the initial days, very few automobile manufacturers used to provide financing and hence the customers had to look for other means to go for financing. But now all most all the companies provide the facility of car financing. This again shows the importance of understanding the customer demand. To conclude things it can be said that the marketers do not force the

Theory of planned behavior( Ajzen, 1991) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory of planned behavior( Ajzen, 1991) - Essay Example The theory relates human behavior to beliefs, arguing that our behavior is influenced by our beliefs. The following study expounds on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The theory of planned behavior was coined by Icek Ajzen in 1985 after seemingly developing it from his joint proposal with Martin Fishbein’s of the theory of reasoned action in 1975 (Fishbein & Cappella, 2006). The theory of reasoned action was developed from many other proposed theories such as the attribution theory, the consistency theories, the expectancy-value theories, and the learning theories. As such, the theory of planned behavior is far-fetched; containing multiple frameworks from many other [proposed] theories. Ajzen coined this theory after evaluating and concluding that individual theories did not satisfactorily attempt to explain human behavior which, according to him is a â€Å"complex and difficult task† (Ajzen, 1991). Behavioral intention: This is the extent to which an intended behavior has motivational factors. It states that the higher the intention to perform a behavior, the higher the chances of it being performed. Social norms: Social norms are simply the standard customary codes as perceived by the larger context of society. In short, it is the level to which a behavior is acceptable or unacceptable according to society. These constructs are categorized into three contexts, that influence human behavior; individual attributes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. According to the theory of planned behavior, these three elements combined are what determine intention and/or action. They are discussed herein: Ajzen developed the context of perceived behavioral control from Bandura’s self-efficacy concept which states that a person’s ability to execute a behavior depends on their perception of its difficulty or ease. In short, a person’s belief is what motivates or demotivates them from executing a certain action. Belief may act as an

Businees organisation and policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Businees organisation and policy - Essay Example Furthermore, Board members believe that acquisitions or mergers will have long-run benefits for improving innovation or expanding product line to ensure higher revenues and thereby make the company more attractive to investors through bond issuance or stock purchasing. Despite this rationale, there are several different factors that lead to failures in merger and acquisition failures: cultural integration problems, direct management failures in execution and leadership, the current position of either company as it relates to product/service life cycle and the speed by which changes are made within the new blended organisation. This report gives perspective on these failures and potential successes to justify why Board members continue to pursue this strategy, using real-world case studies as reference for analysis. 2. Failed merger: Hewlett Packard and Compaq Both Hewlett Packard and Compaq believed a blended company would achieve synergies in relation to cost, research and developme nt, innovation and time to market, as well as consolidation of service and technical support which were significant expenditures as self-operated firms. Compaq had a well-established brand, however complexities in the consumer market, along with emerging competition offering similar services and products, continued to erode brand loyalty and sales revenues. At the time of the merger, Compaq experienced a net income of only $78 million, a decline from 2000 of $296 million (Compaq 2001). This was significantly low considering Compaq sustained revenues of 1.1 billion dollars in 2001. Compaq maintained significantly high operating expenses and credit/loan repayments that continued to erode cash flow and shareholder equity. HP, on the other hand, maintained a much stronger balance sheet and sustained a healthier brand loyalty in consumer markets and thus intended to strengthen the positioning of Compaq and consolidate its over-financed operations to ensure synergistic outcomes. However, executives at HP failed to consider that both Compaq and Hewlett-Packard were in the maturity stage of the service and product life cycle and would both be moving toward sales declines without innovative service and product launches. At the time of merger, Hewlett Packard was having a significantly difficult time competing with the B2B market alongside competition such as IBM and Sun in relation to server product purchases to sustain business information technology infrastructures (Hoopes 2004). This was a very profitable market for competition and for HP if they managed to position themselves properly on the B2B market. Investors found that the inability to gain target market business customers would only be further sustained by blending Compaq’s already troubled brand into its corporate sales and marketing strategies. HP and Compaq were already both experiencing the maximum profit expected without modernising services in the maturity stage and, at the time, neither company were working on significantly differentiated product developments to expand revenues and avoid eventual sales declines. Hewlett Packard also maintained a very rigid, top-down hierarchy that was highly centralized whilst Compaq had a more liberal system of governance that fostered more innovation and free

Incorporate Expectancy Theory Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Incorporate Expectancy Theory - Article Example Other than the hygiene and food, the sailors have to sleep on single beds and do so for not more than 5 hours so. This is so that they can ensure they continue to race and relieve each other of the duty to sail and control the boat at all times due to the harsh conditions of the water they are sailing in. In order to prevent them from giving up, they have to build relationships with each other and live like married couples. This is important for support and surviving the extreme conditions in all the 10 days. The other way is to visualize the end prize as well as build the worst case scenarios on their heads so that the reality is much more tolerable and the sailors would be mentally prepared to handle it. Being disciplined enough to stick to a routine and getting enough time to rest and sleep are also important for success not forgetting being extraordinarily selfish and simply thinking about the competition and winning alone (Webster, 2011). Expectancy theory is all about putting on effort and acting in a certain way because one is expecting a reward at the end. The individual effort that is put on an activity is transformed into good or even excellent performance which will lead to a reward and hence having attained a personal goal. This is the same theory that drives the performance of the extreme sports sailors discussed in detail above (McShane, et al 2013). The sailors expect that by putting in a lot of effort towards their practice as well as adhere to the advice provided by their psychologists and other trainers, they will be able to endure while sailing and hence increase their performance level. The increased effort they put towards their sailing will lead them to complete the race within the specified timeline and will most probably be able to have fulfilled their specific goal (Kremer & Moran, 2013).

Education Reforms - Key Factors Institution Should Consider When Explo Assignment

Education Reforms - Key Factors Institution Should Consider When Exploring a Change in Divisions - Assignment Example The third factor is ethnic and gender issues. The fourth factor is the financial influence. Other factors include knowing athletes at the university, ethnic/gender ratio at the university, knowing someone on the team, and the number of alumni in professional sports. These factors include the academic performance of the athlete, classroom attendance, and participation, presence of computer labs and library use. For an athlete to move from NCAA Division II to NCAA Division he or she must display a history of more than an average academic performance for a division I team to allow any student to join them. Chances are that a student who is an athlete and performs in class is more likely to get a chance to join a Division I institution. Academic also involve the use of both the library and computer lab. A student who has some knowledge of how to operate computers is also considered because of digital technology being used in the sports industry (Hawkins, 2010). These factors influence the sociological aspect of students who are sportspeople to move from Division II to Division I. Higher education institution must consider the social environment at the university, social atmosphere of the team, campus and the personality of the coach. Social environment includes all the factors that relate to students interacting with other students, team unity and discipline of the student (Einhorn & Rapoport, 2005). A disciplined student is able to differentiate wrong from wright and at the same time advises the colleagues positively both academic wise and in sports. The personality of the coach is also considered. A good example is how public schools use sports to socialize and demonstrate the significance of the schools to the community (Guthrie, 2003). Higher education institution must consider the extent to which the media displays the team. A good team is that which has few media scandals relating to its players.  Ã‚  

IKEA AND UK DISTRIBUTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IKEA AND UK DISTRIBUTION - Essay Example It is argued that the supply chain standards are not fixed at a uniform level or universal conditions cannot be established. Several factors should be taken into consideration while implementing a supply chain implementation or improvement plan. Factors contributing to the effective development of supply chain management are many and varied, which include: The main source of competitive advantage in services industry is efficient service for the customers. Supply chain plays an important role in the efficient service provision to the customers. "The goal of a supply chain should be to maximise overall supply chain profitability. Supply chain profitability is the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the total cost incurred across all stages of the supply chain. Supply chain decisions have a large impact on the success or failure of each firm because they significantly influence both the revenue generated as well as the cost incurred. Successful supply chains manage flows of product, information, and funds to provide a high level of product availability to the customer while keeping costs low." (Chopra & Meindl, 2004; 44) The IKEA should undertake the approach of goods flow on supply chain according to their shelf life and not just on the time they've been in the supply chain. "For instance, products with long lead-times that have been exposed to high temperatures during distribution would be sent to the retail shelves before those with short lead-times but distributed under more favourable conditions". (Roberti, 2005) The international sourcing policy effects the corporate, marketing, purchasing, and other strategies. It is important for the Management of IKEA to connect the future objectives with corporate objectives and strategy. IKEA and UK distribution: IKEA is a worldwide name with some 175 stores worldwide in locations as far apart as Singapore and the Czech Republic. It works with approximately 1800 suppliers and 55 countries, and its range is made up of around 10,000 products. Swedish furniture retailing giant IKEA's massive newly opened Peterborough distribution center is fast becoming a familiar landmark on the city's outskirts. With over 57,000 square meters of storage space, and boasting an underground geothermal heating system, the 21.3 million warehouse will employ some 250 people by the summer -- all newly created jobs. It will help the company service its 11 existing British stores, which occupy over 26,000 square meters apiece. 20 more outlets should be opened by 2010, leading to a

Criminal Justice Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Criminal Justice Trends - Essay Example In the case of Arab-American communities right after the September 11 terrorist attack, one substantial implications of such incident led to understanding how the US law would treat the Arab-American communities especially within the context of US legal system. There were four important barriers to effective law enforcement, which were found to obstruct good relationship between US law enforcement and Arab-American community: distrust between Arab-American community and law enforcement, deficient cultural awareness, difficulty in language, and prevailing concerns regarding immigration status and deportation (Victor & Naughton, 2010). Robinson (2009) argues that there is no such thing as existence of criminal justice in the US due to inefficient, uncoordinated and lack of harmonious consensus effort among criminal justice agencies. Nonetheless, Robinson points out that there are prevailing efforts in the justice system to emancipate justice and ensure reduction of crime. However, base d on his arguments on this issue, it seems the US criminal justice system lacks grandeur especially in the achievement of its goals. The proof of this is tantamount to Robinson’s suggestion for alternative goals for the criminal justice system and one of them would be meeting limited interests through placing certain population segments under control. Furthermore, Robinson adds to his argument that the law in the US does not actually represent all Americans. One of his major point is this, legislators at the federal and state level could not actually stand as representative of Americans from the point of view of demographic terms. Second, at some point one could not consider voters to be representative of Americans by looking at it from demographic terms. Finally, he shows evidence that most people do not actually vote. Another argument he specifically points out just to argue that no such thing as criminal justice exists in the US is relevant to the invention of law itself. He argues that crimes do not exist not until they are invented by law makers. This means that there are still certain crimes that could exist without corresponding action from the criminal judicial system due lack of detailed law regarding them. One specific example of this is the continuing subjective concerns underlying organized crimes. Another point is the varying legal policies for certain crimes from state to state or based on demographic terms. Robinson also adds in his argument that there exists an undermining of due process values due to excessive support for crime control values. He cites the very case how the media stereotype crimes and criminal justice. His proof is the focus media have on most violent and random types of crimes in the US. Robinson also points out that police tend to be more biased against poor people and people of color. Robinson calls this as innocent bias. Robinson also presents statistical evidence showing that the plea dispersal could reach more tha n 90 percent of felony crimes, implying further that one could less likely expect a reasonable criminal trial in the US. Furthermore, Robinson includes the idea that one could actually associate

Strategic Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Management - Case Study Example The expansion in this industry, may involve the increase in the products available in the market. For instance, Gucci can decide to produce more bags into the industry hence increasing their market share of the total bags in the industry. This strategy, however, can lead to overproduction in a company, which relates to oversupply in the markets (Bandinelli et al., 2013). Such situations often lead to a decline in the market prices of related commodities in the market. Apart from expansion, diversification is an internal growth approach that enables the companies to enter new business lines that not similar with the current business operations. Diversification has four major divisions namely the vertical, concentric, horizontal and conglomerate diversification. Diversification improves the marketing and economic ability of a company and enables the companies to tap into market sectors that are underperforming towards the fulfilment of customer needs (Capello & Ravasi, 2009). This strategy, nevertheless, in the Italian fashion industry, may require extreme knowledge of the industry and the prevailing trends in that particular industry. In the event that a clothing company decides to diversify into the manufacture of shoes, the company may have to invest extra funds in hiring quality professionals to produce shoes that will attract customers from the other retailers. On the other hand, external growth strategies are development plans that involve cooperation between one company and another from the same region, country or from foreign regions and countries. Collaboration is a major trend in the Italian fashion industry that involves the companies working jointly to pursue a common goal. The Valentino Fashion Group that involves the Versace, Dolce & Gabbana and the Armani Collections is an example of external growth strategy that aims at gaining

Utiltarianism vs Kant Essay Example for Free

Utiltarianism vs Kant Essay Kant had a different ethical system which was based on reason. According to Kant reason was the fundamental authority in determining morality. All humans possess the ability to reason, and out of this ability comes two basic commands: the hypothetical imperative and the categorical imperative. In focusing on the categorical imperative, in this essay I will reveal the underlying relationship between reason and duty. The categorical imperative suggests that a course of action must be followed because of its rightness and necessity. The course of action taken can also be reasoned by its ability to be seen as a universal law. Universal laws have been deemed as unconditional commands that are binding to everyone at all times. Kant believed that individuals have a freedom to consciously obey the laws of the universe as they are revealed in accordance to our ability to reason. Kant goes a step further to suggest that our actions should be driven by a sense of duty that is dictated by reason. What does it mean to act out of duty? Kant says that this means that we should act out of respect for the moral law. The moral law can be directly related to the categorical imperative. How can we accomplish the task of acting out of duty? We must first recognize and have an understanding of what the moral law is, then a sense of duty should become the motive for our actions. Finally our actions should be compelled by doing what is morally right; which is considered doing what we can will to be a universal law to be followed by all. Moral laws can also be defined as universal laws. Kants theory can be defended on several premises. First, all individuals do have a duty to what is right, whether they act accordingly or not. All citizens are held to a duty to uphold the laws, if there was no duty then laws would not exist. Morality coincides with being loyal to the laws, being a disciplined person, and living an orderly life. These essentials are all present in Kants perception of duty. Another key strength to the theory is the concentration on motivation. The motive for which an individual acts has more validity then the unknown consequences that lie ahead. According to Kant we are motivated by our duty, and we know that motivation comes from an internal source. Motive provides substance to personal decisions and choices that are made. In order to feel a duty to react or act in a certain manner, an individual uses internal reasoning when making decisions. As moral agents who have the ability to reason Kants theory is right on the target. We will consciously make decisions by the things or factors that we are motivated by. I feel that it is safe to say that most people actions are guided by motives whether they are morally correct or not. Utilitarians on the other hand would disagree with Kant on several points. Utilitarians would argue that actions should be decided by the consequences they would produce. Remember that utilitarians believe in the good for the greatest number. In an argument against Kants theory, they would say that the categorical imperative can not be used as a tool to measure morality. Doing what one will ultimately will as a universal law can not guarantee the a positive for the majority. In their argument against Kantian ethical theories they would probably state that Kant does not leave room for ill will to be addressed. A person who has bad or ill intentions, would act in a manner in which they would want others to follow. This position would leave room for immorality to be introduced, and it would ultimately not serve the general purpose of supporting the rule of sustaining good for the greater number of individuals. Secondly, utilitarians would argue that down playing the importance of consequences would create an even greater injustice to society. Peoples actions should be gauged by the consequences they produce. Consequences are the end result to the means. Kant and his beliefs do not factor in the turmoil that will result from negative decisions that are made. The gauge for measuring happiness would be determined by the affect of the consequences in the eyes of a utilitarian. Thirdly, utilitarians would attack Kant on his reasoning part of the theory. According to utilitarians there is no compelling reason that the prohibition against certain actions should hold without exceptions. Utilitarianism will allow for circumstances of different situations to be factored into the consequences. Therefore, Kants theory of no exceptions, will not encompass total reasoning. Reasoning alone can not prevent certain actions from taking place. Especially when the good of the greatest doesnt factor in the decision making process. Reasoning is an internal personal choice.

Social Media and Internet Marketing Essay Example for Free

Social Media and Internet Marketing Essay Social media, although a relatively recent phenomenon, is becoming an Increasingly important part of any business’s marketing and client base development platform. According to Dragon, â€Å"The perception of social media marketing has shifted quickly no longer viewed as a trendy or passing fad, having a flexible and well-managed presence in each of the â€Å"big three† (Facebook, Twitter, and Google+) has become a must for any business seeking to secure a place in both the traditional and digital marketplace† (pg. 103). What could once be accomplished by a traditional website now needs to be supplemented by a robust and responsive utilization of the tools social media offers. Finding ways in this strange new world can be quite confusing at first but these are lessons most of today’s marketing businesses have to learn. Social media is changing the ways of traditional network marketing, to increase sales, marketing businesses have to connect with customers and join their conversations on social media sites. So even though social media marketing takes time to learn and use, social media has changed the way business is done today. Social media is changing the ways of network marketing Social media is not just a powerful tool that lets friends and family communicate, it also can be used to help market a business or product. Social media marketing as it is referred to is helping and fuelling the growing online platform of buying and selling. Many network-marketing businesses think they know what their customers want, but until they do a bit of research and discover what they want, it is just guess work. The power of social media can help network marketing businesses keep in touch with their customers and determine exactly what they want, simply by reading, capturing, and using the comments the customers make on social media sites. This new approach to marketing can help to expand and explode the marketing of products to target what customers want, and exactly when they want it. Chase and Knebl (2011) opined, â€Å"The Internet is the greatest communication tool of all time. For sales people, it is also the ultimate game changer. Past technological changes have all been improvements like voice mail, which were easily adaptable to the existing landscape, whereas the Internet is not. Over the past 15 years, it has completely taken over the way in which people get and exchange information. Over the past 5 years, it has completely taken over in which people socialize with one another. And now – right now, social networking is taking over B2B communication. Like it or not, social networking sites are completely, and permanently, redefining the way sales people find new customers† (p.p. 3 4). How marketing was managed and operated for businesses before has changed with the advent of the Internet. Traditional network marketing methods versus today’s social media marketing The traditional selling (marketing) use of the telephone is increasingly becoming obsolete as a business communication tool. The majority of business- to-business (B2B) correspondence now occurs through e-mail, simply because online communication is vastly superior to telephone as a means of sharing information. According to Chase and Knebl (2011), â€Å"The Internet has created fundamental shifts in the B2B marketplace that are driving the future of the selling profession. They require all of us who wish to sell successfully in the new marketplace to accept these changes, recognize the inherent opportunities that they offer, and become educated in the new skills needed to acquire new customers† (p. 4). In order to be efficient in marketing, it is important to realize what will work and what marketing methods are not working any more. For example, if the target market is a senior market, a yellow page ad may very well still bring in customers, but if the customers are under the age of 60, it is best to put marketing resources elsewhere. We have seen many changes to the trends and methods of marketing just over the last few years and these changes are continuing. Some of the trends and methods to watch closely according to Lake (2012) are Mobile Marketing In a report done by CTIA Wireless Association it was reported that 250+ million Americans carry mobile phones thats over 80% of the nation’s population. Mobile applications will continue to be developed and smart phones and tablet PCs will remain a part of our daily lives. Social Marketing Integration In 2011 companies began to take social media marketing seriously and because of that we saw social media explode as a marketing tool. This year we will begin to see companies heavily integrate social media into their overall marketing plan, which is how it should have been done in the first place, but better late than never. We will see social media expand from a tool used primarily for customer service and brand management to being used to collect customer data and enable better target marketing of products and services that those customers are interested. Traditional Marketing Continues to Diminishes This is always a touchy subject, because there are so many that dont want to say goodbye to the traditional marketing. Interactive or real-time marketing is easy to measure, engage and gain real time statistics that allows us to change a marketing message quickly. Customers are continuing to go online to search for information and in return making their purchases online. Its important that marketers move their marketing dollars to where the consumers are and right now thats making a gigantic shift to online. Internet marketing enables us to reach targeted audiences online, advertising costs are lower and they are easier to measure. Whats not to love about interactive marketing? Overall marketing budgets will continue to shift to a higher spend online and the traditional marketing spend will continue to diminish. Relationships will Drive Loyalty and Sales Customers want to know they matter to you and your staff. They evaluate now more than ever how they are treated, whether or not your business cares about their satisfaction. Gone are the days that they just purchase out of convenience. If you can give the best customer care, you will find that you will create consumers that are loyal to you, regardless of whether or not you have the least expensive price. They realize that in tough economic times their loyalty to you could be the life or death of your business and thats often why they will go out of their way to spend their hard-earned dollars in your place of business if you have helped in creating loyalty by giving them extraordinary care. Social media helping to promote and market businesses and products Millions of people uses social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter each day to stay up-to-date with their favorite brands and businesses. More than ever, it is important for business owners to ensure that their marketing strategies include some social media activities. Social media offers new ways to connect with current and potential customers, build online presence and also help develop long-lasting relationships with other business professionals and future contacts, Lovett (2011) made some interesting findings in his book: Social media has unquestionably entered the mainstream as consumers flock to jump on every social bandwagon, buggy, and freight train that drives past. This frenzied enthusiasm has helped the largest social networks to amass hundreds of thousands of users that rival the world’s most populous countries, while new platforms and channels emerge unabated. The early sparks of social media innovations have flourished into a raging inferno of opportunity for consumers and businesses alike. These businesses include everyone from the largest global fortune 100 to the smallest mom-and-pop shop, who are winning and losing everyday with social media. The losers are detached from their customers because they are unable to hear the outpouring of ideas and feedback over the drone of their antiquated toiling. Conversely, the winners are tapping into consumers’ needs and wants and suing social media as a method to: * Increase brand exposure * Initiate dialogue with customer * Generate interaction with their own media * Facilitate customer support * Assemble legions of loyal advocates * Spur corporate innovation * Do much, much more. (p.p. 3 4) In closing, for marketing businesses in the next decade, it will become increasingly important to monitor their brands and reputations online and to be aware of what is being said as well as do any damage control and address any issues that arise in a timely if not immediate fashion. Businesses can no longer hide behind the four walls; it is not enough to broadcast anymore. To succeed with marketing, it will be necessary to interact, engage, and create relationships to grow marketing businesses and create an effective marketing strategy in the next decade. We have seen millions attracted to social media. People are interacting and engaging daily with other individuals as well as with businesses. This will not slow down. It is believed that over the next decade one will see changes in the social media marketing platforms as well as the social media networking sites that are used. It is important to realize that when using social media in your marketing strategy, it must be remembered that it is about interaction, and not just about broadcasting. You need to create a social media marketing strategy that engages and cultivates relationships as well as solves any problems or issues that come up. Reference Lake, L. (2012). MoneyMarketingMarketing MethodsMarketing Methods and Trends Whats New for 2012. Retrieved from http://marketing.about.com/od/marketingmethods/a/marketing-methods-and-trends-whats-new-for-2012 Chase, L., Knebl, K. (2011). The Social Media Sales Revolution (1st ed.). Washington, DC: McGraw-Hill. Dragon, R. (2012). Social Marketology (1st ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Lovett, J. (2011). Social Media Metrics Secrets (1st ed.).Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Publishing, Inc..

Web Personalization Using Feedforward Backpropagation

Web Personalization Using Feedforward Backpropagation WEB PERSONALIZATION USING FEEDFORWARD BACKPROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK Chapter 4: Methodology Chapter 4 shows the methodology of the present work. Section 4.1 present the methodology, section 4.2 includes flow chart of the present work. Section 4.3 present the proposed algorithm. 1.1 METHODOLOGY Start Configure search engine Training on data according to user’s context. Testing on data ANN optimization for search optimization. Stop 1.1 Training: Data is trained using Feedforward Backpropagation Neural network. Before testing and searching the data is trained. Data training is required for optimal results. Testing: Testing of data is performed using Feedforward Backpropagation neural network and Using SVM (Support Vector Machine). User Query: User can enter the Query for find the information. Some Web sites name are suggested to the users according the query of user. 1.2 FLOWCHART The simple flowchart of the designed algorithm is depicted in the figure 4.2 Figure 4.2: flowchart of the designed algorithm 1.3 ALGORITHM DESIGN The Algorithm for the present work is discussed in this section. The various steps used in algorithm are explained. The pseudo Code for the algorithm is also discussed in this section. Table4.1 Proposed Algorithm Pseudo code of proposed algorithm:-The Pseudo code for proposed algorithm is shown below. Table 4.2 proposed algorithm in pseudo code Chapter-5 RESULT AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS In this chapter results of the present is explained. The figures of result, comparison, comparison tables and graphs of the present work are shown in this chapter. 1.1 TOOLS USED To implement my work I used Matlab. Matlab Stands for MATrix LABoratory. MATLAB has a modern programming language environment: it has refined data structures, contains built-in editing and debugging tools, and supports object-oriented programming. Table 5.1: Tools Used MATLAB The name MATLAB stands for MATrix LABoratory. MATLAB was written originally to provide easy access to matrix software developed by the LINPACK (linear system package) and EISPACK (Eigen system package) projects MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates computation, visualization, and programming environment. Furthermore, MATLAB is a modern programming language environment: it has refined data structures, contains built-in editing and debugging tools, and supports object-oriented programming. These factors make MATLAB an outstanding tool for education and research. MATLAB has many advantages compared to conventional computer languages (e.g., C, FORTRAN) for solving technical problems. MATLAB is an interactive system whose basic data element is an array that does not require dimensioning. The software package has been commercially available since 1984 and is now considered as a standard tool at most universities and industries worldwide. It has powerf ul built-in routines that enable a very wide variety of computations. It also has easy to use graphics commands that make the visualization of results immediately available. Specification applications are collected in packages referred to as toolbox. There are toolboxes for signal processing, symbolic computation, control theory, simulation, and optimization. After logging into your account, you can enter MATLAB by double-clicking on the MATLAB shortcut icon (MATLAB 7.0.4) on your Windows desktop. When you start MATLAB, a special window called the MATLAB desktop appears. The desktop is a window that contains other windows. The major tools within or accessible from the desktop are: The Command Window The Command History Workspace The Current directory Help browser Start button 5.1.1 MATLAB CHARACTERISTICS Developed first and foremost by Cleve Molar in the 1970s Derived from FORTRAN subroutines LINPACK and EISPACK, linear and Eigen value systems. Developed principally as an interactive system to access LINPACK and EISPACK. Gained its esteem through word of mouth, because it was not authoritatively dispersed. Rewritten in C in the 1980s with more functionality, which include plotting routines. The Math Works Inc. was produced (1984) to marketplace and go on with expansion Of MATLAB. 5.1.2 ADVANTAGES OF MATLAB MATLAB may behave as a calculator or as a programming language MATLAB combine adequately calculation and graphic plotting. MATLAB is moderately easy to learn MATLAB is interpreted (not compiled), errors are easy to fix. MATLAB is optimized to be relatively fast when performing matrix operations MATLAB does have some object-oriented elements 5.1.3 RESULTS In this section Screen Shots of the present work are shown. Firstly, Data Set is uploaded after that Neural Network and SVM are used for training and testing of the data. User can create their account and if user has already account then he can sign in for the Personalization. Three parameters are taken for the comparison between the SVM (support vector machine) and Neural Network. Accuracy, Precision and Recall are the three parameters used for the comparison. Neural Network gives the best results. Figure 5.1: Proposed Flowchart Fig. 5.1 shows the main working window of the personalization. The above figure has all the training and testing window components in w +hich the personalized data can be trained through the Neural Network and Support Vector Machine. Training Model for SVM as well as Neural Network. Inputs: examples, a set of examples, each with input x = x1; x2; : : : ; xn and output y Inputs: network, a perceptron with weights Wj ; j = 0; : : : ; n and activation function g Repeat for each e in examples do inPnj = 0Wj xj [e] Err y[e] g(in) WjWj + _ _ Err _ g0(in) _ xj [e] End Until all examples correctly predicted or stopping criterion is reached Return network Figure 5.2: represents the architecture of the Neural Network Neural network contains of input and hidden layers. Each and every layer has weight and bandwidth of the data. Hidden Layer contains epochs that means iteration. The maximum iteration provided over here is 50 but it is not necessary that the neural will run till 50. It would cross check the validations and would provide the results required. The results can also be checked by the following graphs. Figure 5.3: Representing detailed neural architecture The above figure represents the architecture over which the neural has been tested and trained. There is one validation denoted by the pink line and has been achieved on the 4th Iteration. Figure 5.4: Personalizing Option The above figure provides the option to personalize the system according to the choice of the user. Here the user can banned those website link which he or she does not want to see in the future. Figure 5.5: Login window Figure 5.5 shows the login window. If the user is new or not registered then he can use sign up option for registration. After filling details, user is registered. Useris alreadyregisteredhe can log in using theUserID and Password. Figure 5.6: Results after testing data The above figure represents results after testing the data. User can test data after fill the data in the box. Figure 5.7. Different parameters The above figure shows the different parameter after click on result neural button. Accuracy, Precision, and recall parameters can be calculated. The same parameter can be calculated by SVM also. 5.2Comparison Tables and Graphical Representation The experiment was conducted for computing Accuracy, Precision and Recall. The experiment has been performed to compare the performance of both Neural Network and SVM (Support Vector Machine). The Accuracy, Precision and Recall for both approaches was different. Given tables and graphs proves the performance of the algorithms. Table 5.2: Accuracy Comparison Figure 5.8: Graph of accuracy comparison Table 5.3: Precision Comparison Figure 5.9: graph of Precision Comparison Table5.4: Recall Comparison Figure 5.10: Graph of Recall Comparison Chapter 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE Chapter 6 includes conclusion and future scope of the present work. Future scope means that what enhancement can be done in the future. Section 6.1 covers the Conclusion and Section 6.2 covers the Future scope. 6.1 CONCLUSION Web personalization is an answer for data over-burden issue on World Wide Web .The web personalization assemble the accuracy of web hunt apparatus, streamlines the looking process and reduce the time customer needs to spend for looking for. Today for both Web-based affiliations and for the end customers the web personalization has transformed into a key gadget. Web utilization mining is the methodology of recognizing delegate patterns and scanning examples depicting the movement in the site, by investigating the clients conduct. Site directors can then use this information to redesign or change the site according to the side interests and behaviour of its visitors, or upgrade the execution of their systems. Also, the supervisors of e-trade destinations can procure profitable business brainpower, making buyer profiles and accomplishing business sector division. There exists number of techniques yet none has been accomplished great amount. This postulation introduced a methodology taking into account neural system for web personalization of web substance. Firstly, in the pre-processing stage the information must be gathered from the better places it is put away (customer side, server side, and intermediary servers). In the wake of recognizing the customers, the snap surges of each customer must be part into sessions. The last venture of the entire web utilization mining methodology is to dissect the examples found amid the example disclosure step. Web Usage Mining attempt to comprehend the examples identified in before step. The most well-known systems is information visualization applying channels High dimensional information stream contains a huge colossal measure of information. Such huge sum information contains a vast information with high measurements with information many-sided quality. A valid example remote sensor framework data, web logs, Google look for, et cetera. Standard strategies are not suitable over h igh dimensional data as they obliged high figuring expense for taking care of data that is the reason this technique has been realized with some change highlights. 6.2 FUTURE SCOPE Future misleads examine the half breed utilization structure positioning that can be connected to a bound together web/navigational diagram which extends out of the breaking points of a solitary site. Such approach would empower a worldwide significance positioning over the web, improving both web query items and the suggestion process. Now, if the user wants to revisit URL P3, she would not be able to do that using just the BackButton navigation Stack. If she resorts to the history list to get some help, she will be disappointed to see that its list based textual representation gives no idea about the structure of the navigation pattern. Moreover, even for a modestly sized navigation session, the history list gets cluttered to an extent so that renders it ineffective in searching for a specific page. The bookmark facility is of little help in this case, as the user cannot bookmark each and every page due to overhead associated with the very process of bookmarking. Moreover, even selected bookmarking is of no help as, in most cases, the user does not know at the time of visiting a web page whether it is important enough to be bookmarked. One thing that has long been acknowledged by the research community is the use of graphical overview diagrams in assisting user navigation through complex information spaces. The visualization scheme employed should be efficient enough to give a graphical representation of user session history in real time. Computationally and graphically intensive application may cause undue delays in the visualization generation process, especially when the session history grows large. Most of the past work done for WWW subspace visualization is plagued by these delays therefore is inefficient for the ordinary use. The solution must be designed keeping in mind that it has to replace WWW browser stack based navigation structure and its history list. Therefore it must provide all those facilities that were provided by these browser components. Users who are familiar with the facilities provided by the browser may find it very difficult to adjust to a new scheme that does not provide these facilities. The visualization scheme should be designed more on an aesthetic rather than a scientific basis. Humans tend to get confused when presented with a large amount of data jumbled up in front of them. It is, therefore, highly recommended that session history data be divided into small and easily manageable groups, neatly knitted together through an elegant link structure. 1

Free Things They Carried Essays: Syntactic and Paratactic Interpretation :: Things They Carried Essays

Syntactic and Paratactic Interpretation of The Things They Carried  Ã‚  Ã‚   The syntactic and paratactic styles of interpretation are both needed to interpret Tim O’Briens â€Å"The Things They Carried†.   The syntactic aspect of interpretation deals with the imaginary or the things that aren’t said, but that are implied or that happen outside of what is said.   Paratactic interpretation deals with the concrete details that stand out and are specifically stated.   The media, although it didn’t change the outcome of the war much because it provided coverage of both negative and positive aspects, it was the first war to be covered by the media and therefore what it did cover, people believed. This can be observed in Tim O’Briens novel on the coverage of how the war started and how it was covered after the war started.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The historical approach to this novel with respect to the syntactic aspect can be observed if one looks at what the media said had started the war.   The media stated that the war had been started because U.S. ships had been fired upon in friendly waters by hostile warships. Paratacticly this makes sense and should have started a war in which we sent over troops that felt that they were protecting their country, which might have actually changed the outcome of the war.   Syntactically, though, the story was that we had been in two previous tiffs (Cuba and Laos) and had lost.   This caused the president to be looked at in an unfavorable light, which made him and others in power, to stage a war that he thought we could win.   In reality there were no known hostile ships anywhere near the area that our ships went down and he was blindly following a belief that communism should be contained in order not to have a domino effect.   The media later portrayed t his portrait of the war, but it was too late for many young teenagers that had just gotten out of high school. Another example of syntactic analysis is where the media reported a death count.   Paratactically the death count represented the number of bodies dead, but this is misleading.   The death count, for one thing, is misleading because the entire country was covered with mines and these explosives killed both friend and foe. After they had gone off, there was little left of the body.   This leads to miscounting because if the body is blown into microscopic pieces it is hard to tell if one, two, or three people died, and who’s side they were on.

austins theory of law :: essays research papers

Laws in the most general sense are rules made by one intelligent being for the guidance of another intelligent being, the former having power over the latter. - All laws are a species of command, a command being an expression of a wish or desire that some other person do something. Commands can only be issued by one who has the power and intention to inflict a sanction in the event of disobedience. - A legal duty is a liability to a sanction for refusal to comply with a command. Hence, commands and duties are correlative; there can’t be one without the other. Commands are said to bind or oblige the person to whom they are directed. Sanctions are always intended to be evils, never goods. Rewards (bribes) cannot be sanctions. - Conclusion regarding the basic definition of law: a command that obliges a person to observe a general course of conduct, issued by a superior (in power) to an inferior. - Special problems: Customary laws and rules of common morality which may appear to oblige independently of any superior power are not really laws until recognized by a court. Common laws (judge-made law) likewise may appear not to stem from a superior power. Austin argues such laws are tacitly commanded by the state. Legal rights are creatures of law, but they are not exercised by following orders; the option to exercise a right is up to the owner of the right. Austin: no law creates a right without also creating a correlative duty, hence the link with commands. - Positive Law is a set of commands issued by a sovereign to his subjects. The sovereign is a determinate person or group (a) who receives habitual obedience from the bulk of society (he is the superior power within his society) and (b) is not in a habit of obedience to a like superior group (independent of any other

Henry Ford :: essays research papers

In 1915, in an effort to end World War I, he headed a privately sponsored peace expedition to Europe that failed dismally, but after the American entry into the war he was a leading producer of ambulances, airplanes, munitions, tanks, and submarine chasers. In 1918 he ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate on the Democratic ticket. After weathering a severe financial crisis in 1921, he began producing high-priced motor cars along with other vehicles and founded branch firms in England and in other European countries. Strongly opposed to trade unionism, Ford–who incurred considerable antagonism because of his paternalistic attitude toward his employees and his statements on political and social questions–stubbornly resisted union organization in his factories by the United Automobile Workers until 1941. A staunch isolationist before World War II, Ford again converted his factories to the production of war material after 1941. In 1945 he retired. Other Accomplishments and Controversies His numerous philanthropies, in addition to the Ford Foundation, included $7.5 million for the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit and $5 million for a museum in Dearborn, where in 1933 he established Greenfield Village–a reproduction of an early American village. Ford also wrote, in collaboration with Samuel Crowther, My Life and Work (1923), Today and Tomorrow (1926), Moving Forward (1931), and Edison as I Knew Him (1930). Ford's international reputation made him a natural target for journalists. His libel suit against the Chicago Tribune in 1919 led to an examination by the Tribune attorney, intended to show Ford's lack of education. Anti-Semitic articles in Ford's Dearborn Independent brought further legal controversy; he was forced to apologize for the articles. In the 1930s, Ford was widely attacked for employing Harry Bennett, a former boxer who established a squad of thugs to spy, beat up, and otherwise intimidate union organizers. Ford was also a poor manager who failed to capitalize on his company's early success. In the 1920s he failed to respond to consumer tastes by introducing new models and the company fell far behind General Motors. By the time of his retirement, the company's accounting procedures were so primitive that Ford's managers were unable to accurately tell how much it cost to manufacture a car and the company was losing $9.5 million a month. Later Generations His son, Edsel Bryant Ford, 1893—1943, b. Detroit, shared in the control of the vast Ford industrial interests. He was president of the Ford Motor Company from 1919 until his death, when his father once more became (1943) president of the company.

Job Rotation

Job rotation is the surest way of keeping the employee away from complacency and boredom of routine. It is difficult for an employee to sustain his interest in a given Job for any substantial length of time as humans have the tendency of outgrowing their jobs through the learning and experience that they gain over a period of time. Stimulating human mind through diversity of challenges is a sure way to bring to forefront its creative instincts and in taking the individual and organizational performance to a higher plane.This is where Job rotation can prove to be a handy tool. Job rotation involves the movement of employees through a range of jobs in order to increase interest and motivation. It can also be described as an approach to Management Development where an individual is moved through a schedule of assignments designed to give him/her a breadth of exposure to the entire operation. Job rotation can improve â€Å"multi-skilling† but also involves the need for greater tra ining. In a sense, Job rotation is similar to Job enlargement.This approach widens the activities of a worker by switching him or her around a range of work. For example, an administrative employee might spend part of the week looking after the reception area of a business, dealing with customers and enquiries. Some time might then be spent manning the company telephone switchboard and then inputting data onto a database. Job rotation may offer the advantage of making it easier to cover for absent colleagues, but it may also reduce' productivity as workers are initially unfamiliar with a new task.Job rotation is also practiced to allow qualified employees to gain more insights into the processes of a company, and to reduce boredom and increase job satisfaction through job variation. POTENTIAL OF JOB ROTATION A well planned Job rotation programme in an organization has immense potential of positive impact on job satisfaction/motivation, engagement and finally on retention of employee s. Few of the outcomes of job rotation with respect to the individual are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢Job enrichment Overall development Intrinsic motivation to perform caused by newer challenges Career development BENEFITS OF JOB ROTATION For an organization, the benefits could include some or all of the following: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Leadership development Aligning competencies with organizational requirements Lower attrition rates Performance improvement driven by unique view points of new people THE PRACTICE OF JOB ROTATION Today, in the industry, Job rotation is viewed â€Å"as just another transfer† rather than as an important tool for implementing HR strategy of the company.Job rotation has become a ritual at best, without any focus on the outcomes that can be achieved through a little planning and implementation effort. Today, Job rotation is a means of punishing poor performers, settling scores arising from organizational politics, or going through pe rcentage rotation scheme, where a certain percentage of employees in a certain area are shifted to pre-designated areas every year. REALIZING THE POTENTIAL OF JOB ROTATION In order to realize the true potential of Job rotation, there must be a planned system in place with the policy taking into account, †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢Organizational interest – employee commitment, attrition rates, specific business issues etc. Eligibility of the employees – qualification, prior experience, aptitude, attitude etc. Nature – mandatory or voluntary Duration Basis of selection etc. In the absence of aspects brought out above, there is every possibility that the seriousness with which Job rotation scheme is implemented in the company may get diluted and become a cause of sagging employee motivation.JOB ROTATIONS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT At the senior management levels, job rotation – frequently referred to as Management rotation, is tightly link ed with Succession Planning – developing a pool of people capable of stepping into an existing job. Here the goal is to provide learning experiences which facilitate changes in thinking and perspective equivalent to the â€Å"horizon† of the level of the succession planning. For job rotations at this level, it is absolutely necessary that the business problems in various areas are identified. This calls for the active involvement of top management to select most suitable people to be shifted rom their current jobs to tackle the challenges at hand by considering individual attributes already described above. This will not only provide an insight for the future leaders in various aspects of the business but also will enhance their confidence levels as they solve these critical problems for the organization. In many cases, senior managers seem unwilling to risk instability in their units by moving qualified people from jobs where the lower level manager is being successfu l and reflecting positively on the actions of the senior manager.It is however important to note that Job rotation at this level is less frequent as workers who fall under this category are already at the strategic stages and peak of their career. Job rotation at junior and middle level executives may be pivoted around their strengths and attributes and the future roles expected of them. Focus must be on exposure in all related areas of his domain of expertise, so that as they grow to higher rungs of the management, they have an overall experience of their domain.For this level, job rotation has normally one of two purposes: Promotability or Skill Enhancement although at Middle Management, Succession planning also becomes one of the purposes of job rotation. Job rotations for workers must include aspects related to work environment, also along with other individual attributes already explained, so that it adds to his satisfaction derived from balanced distribution of work load, work ing conditions and learning opportunities.Done this way job rotation gets aligned with career development, leadership development and employee satisfaction which would finally result in higher levels of intrinsic motivation among the employees and hence may contribute in retaining talent. WHY IS JOB ROTATION IMPORTANT? Job Rotation is seen as a possible solution to two significant challenges faced by business: (1) Skills shortages [when there is a lack of skilled individuals in the workforce] and Skills gaps [when there is a lack of skills in a company’s existing workforce which may still be found in the labour force as a whole]. (2) Employee motivation

Tears of blood

The drink practiced lies upon the smooth, flat, varnished tabu after-hours where the suns reflection casts an eerie shadow of the ice, wintry drink. If you glance closely, the water condensation mushy, slides, at once overpower the cigaret leaving a puddle of water lowlife. To you this may take c ar like an ordinary alcoholic drink, alone for one girl it is her deepest fears come square(a)Im rootlessIm soaringover charming fresh, green fields and past energetic cities. The wind is carrying me to my dreams on the horizon. The world is revolve below me, such beauty from above. Im floating Im soaring through the soft, duvet of albumin clouds. The world, in all its pollution, poverty and corruption, is chill expose beautiful. Which means, Im beautiful behind my scars and switchings and insecurities yes I am still beautiful.She sat on the bump into of her blue-patched bed, thinking, This is my sanctuary. For those few moments of silence expiration through her mind, she felt no liaison could lay this utterly perfect olfactory modality. Nothing, nonhing could present for her down from her holy, heights of freedom.I am air. I am no physical structure. I am free.But, to her sudden horror, What I dont under tie-upShe started goosy back to the cold, hostility, of real life. Good-morning to you all, on this fine Thurs daytime. The suns out and the birds are singing. So wherefore not win a obtain of a lifetime 2 weeks in Italy just ring up0800800958 She curtly remembered her dream, and that word, dream, haunts her.It was just a dream, foreverything is just straight off ever a dream. She position as she sighed, and looked about to what her life was. A tiny direction, with just about large space to stand up in, further to her that wasnt important this was her sanctuary. She comes up here everyday and locks herself in her room, crying, knockout to run away from all the monstrous and betrayals, which go on under. after(prenominal) a few moments, she soft managed to drag herself out of bed and stumble into the bathroom. The lingering dig of sleep pulled down her eyelids as she looks in the mirror. Another morning, another day done for(p) by she thought.TAMICA shrilled a woman in her late forties.Yes, beat she replied.If you dont caudexy hurry up youll be late for school, and dont expect me to be home when the school rings question where you are. By the way, its your responsibility to make au consequentlycetic your so called male parent does not expire the field drunk with the car keys and make sure all the back doors are locked when you come back from school, I dont expect your father making a fork up of himself, understood?Ill watch, dep rests init she replied with a since of insecurity. What on globe to you mean Ill see, you do what ever I say or do not except food in the evening. It is your fault he drinks anyway.By that time, she had, had enough. Tamika knew if see candid her mouth anymore sh e just end up crying premiere thing in the morning. So she hurried downstairs and walked out the house without any breakfast. With her guide down throughout the entire excursion from home to school, thinking about how possibly it could be her fault her father drinks himself stunned everydayTime passed by so fast that before and she knew it, it was three oclock. She slowly walked through the quiet, dark streets dreading what would happen to her when she got home. As she got closer, and closer before she r to each oneed the two king of beasts statues outside what seemed to be a peaceful, pleasant home. It seemed to her that the lions were protectors of her home. They sit outside day in day out protecting the house from predators, except what they do not fill out is that the predators are already inside time lag for a piece of innocent flesh.She courageou satiny built up the courage to expel the hard, cold key to open the movement door. Then, all of a sudden she could detec t the taunt of the piano in the background, and fearsome greenish liquid took over her torso like adrenaline. It started feet first moving slowly and painfully up her spine, sending shivers to her brain. She open(a) her eyes, to incur bewildered glass and eating utensil all over the kitchen floor, and there in the far distance was her father. He was 5 foot five with white blur with a big beer belly. From the far distance, he looked perfectly normal further as she took a step closer she could see the cold can of beer in his communicate and beside him lay a mountain of revoke cans. She looked around at messI cant take it, I have had enoughaaaaarrrrrrgggShe slowly tried walking towards the stairs, stressful ever so hard not to be noticed by the predator. She had to be quiet as a mouse, that at the same time as, sly as a fox.She took one gargantuan leap up. She could feel the stairs changing into what seemed to be an escalator and it was going up She took a looked up only to find she could see soft duvet of smooth clouds covering the suns rays. This leaded to her sanctuary. She took one long, hard glimpse down at the broken home.Inside her dimly lit room she sat numbly listening to the soft sounds coming from her radio. So much emotions and thoughts were acting through Tamikas mind. All the horrible things her mother said about her to her face and behind her back, and just looking at her father like that everyday, aggrandisements it up. Her friends dogs were better parents then they wear. A small crystal lighten up tear fell down her left field cheek. She knew what she had to do to get ride of such pain and emotion. She went to the cupboard, slowly opened the first draw and hidden on top were no one could see was a dull, dirty, dark brown magnet but it was not the magnet, which would release all the pain, it was underneath the magnet that was so important. A small, shimmering, lancinating blade just lay there.How can such a small target cause s uch pain in the world?Tamica stared, silently at the blade. With no thought to what she was doing the sharp lustrous beach slid, smoothly into her pale jumble she watched absent-mindedly as a steady dribble of violent-red red blood drawled gradually down the side of her wrist. As she pushed the blade in deeper, the stream of blood quickly intensified. The charge of anguish caused her to cringe. A chorus of address went through her mindPain, Pain, go away, permit me smile for just one day,Should that day I never see,Let my blood run cold and freeWith each new drop, the circle of blood grew proving that she was serious. in that respect were now six cuts her wrists each as deep as each other, and only millimetres apart. Her blood- stained fingers reached for the once shiny, silver blade, which was now covers in dark blood. She contemplated her next move. She touch with the strongest amount of force she had inside her. This had given over her more blood and pain then the others , but the scars were massive and impossible to conceal. After a few minutes the blinking(a) blade broke through her skin slowly and a new duncical red line quickly appeared. A wave of relief gushed through her body and escaped through her disfigured wrist. She determined back closed her eyes and enjoyed the opinion of complete relief.All her emotions and thoughts cleared. But withal she knew this sensation would be over in a matter of seconds. She would have anesthetize walking tomorrow, but Tamica never thought that far ahead. As she gazed down at her disfigured limb, she was revolted, repulsed and ashamed that she could do such a thing. Then as she keep to stare another feeling had surface. The feeling of pride. She swiped the area where the blood was now drying and watched in astonishment as fresh cherry red blood drizzled from her open wounds. A renewed sense of relief consumed her. She had been acrimonious for so long now that she had bemused sight of reality. She no l onger controlled the blade, but the blade control her

Goals of Linguistic Essay

Mr. 1. Introduction 1. 1.If youre writing a career goals essay, keep reading to learn how.* mad Clean deduction is only possible in the logical disciplines. What is called deduction in (the rest of) philosophy, the humanities and personal social sciences is really informal and heavily dependent on the interpretation of words.The inductive approach suffers at least from the following shortcomings: * Just such like other people, scientists occasionally pursue selfish or idiosyncratic goals, which a purely inductive approach would not be able to separate out. * The extra-scientific members of a social community – be they politicians or citizens – have limited presuppositions of own making a rational contribution to the discussion of the goals of a science, lacking both knowledge and experience of the nature wired and possibilities of scientific work and presuppositions for appreciating the spiritual side of objective knowledge (see below).Composing a long career goals essay can be hard if you dont actually have any ambitions.

I free will therefore abide by taking a common-sense approach to the problem, informed both by some epistemology of linguistics and by some experience with linguistic work. 1. 2. Fundamentals Like any human activity, linguistics has a place in a teleonomic hierarchy (see teleonomische Hierarchie) which is headed by its ultimate goals.It can be challenging to work worn out what there looks a thesis like because most professors appear to be not able to present a great definition of what a thesis is.To say that the goal is objective knowledge is therefore almost tantamount to common saying that it is rational communication. This rephrasing also serves the purpose of avoiding a static conception of ‘objective knowledge’. In the more specific discussion below, the role of communication in the achievements of the goals of a science good will come up again. Understanding has two sides, a spiritual and a practical one.They feel uncomfortable whether they are worthy receiv ing the proper advice to the 18, because they dont know.

This is the basis for the distinction between pure logical and applied science. Linguistics is the study of human language.Understanding this object has a purely spiritual aspect, which constitutes what might be called â€Å"pure linguistics† and what is more commonly called general linguistics. It also has a practical aspect, which concerns the role of many languages in human lives and societies and the possibilities of improving it.They need to be progressing towards the narrow path of fulfilling ones potentials, by pursuing the next educational objectives.Here we will focus on the tasks of linguistics as an empirical discipline. good For such a discipline, the main tasks are: 1. elaboration of a theory of its object 2. documentation and brief description of its object 3.Its essential for me to find a good education.

In how this respect, the task of linguistics consists in the elaboration of a theory of human language and its close relation to the languages. Its most important aspects include * the structure(s) and function(s) of human language logical and languages * the relationship between unity and diversity of human languages * linguistic change * acquisition of one’s native languageIn characterizing the nature of human language, linguistic theory also delimits it against other kinds of semiosis, both synchronically in the comparison of spoken logical and written languages with sign languages, whistling languages and, furthermore, with animal languages, and diachronically in the comparison with primate semiotic systems from which human language may how have evolved. 3. Empiry: documentation and description of languages As recalled above, linguistics is (among other things) an empirical science.Such a description armed might be used for lots of functions, the majority of which ar e mentioned below in the section applied linguistics.language description: 1. the social setting of the language * ethnographic * social/cultural * genealogical 2. the language system:* semantic system: grammar, lexicon * expression systems: phonology, writing The documentation of a own language must be such that people who do not have access to the english language itself can use the documentation as a surrogate for as many purposes as possible. In particular, it should be possible to develop a description of a language on the basis of its documentation.Language many plays a part in personal identity.

That is, in the synchronic perspective, they are systematic, while in the diachronic perspective, they are historical. 4. Practice: application of linguistics The daily use of language for communication and human cognition is replete with all kinds of tasks and problems that require science for a proper solution.Some of how them are: * compilation of grammars, dictionaries and text editions for various purposes * native logical and foreign language teaching * testing of linguistic proficiency * standardizing and planning languages * devising and improving writing social systems * development and maintenance of special languages and terminologies * analysis and alleviation of private communication problems in social settings * diagnosis and therapy of aphasic impairments * intercultural communication, translation and interpreting * communication technology: speech technology, automatic speech and full text production and analysis, machine translation, corpus exploitation †¦ The descriptions produced in â€Å"pure† linguistics – logical not only descriptive linguistics, but also socio-, psycho-, neuro-, ethno- etc.Many languages have never been so lucky.* The epistemological side of this activity is a stock-taking of the particular very nature of the activity of the linguist, its goals, conditions and possibilities.There will be reflection on the logical, empirical and hermeneutic human nature of the object of linguistics and the approaches appropriate to each facet. * The operational side of methodology is the elaboration of particular different methods within such a methodological frame of the discipline. Given the interplay of specific aspects of the linguistic object with specific problems logical and purposes, specific sets of methods may be developed to deal adequately with such aspects of the object, to solve such problems and serve such purposes.Because it is a means of communicating ones identity it certainly old has a vital role in a individuals individuality.

Cooperation: interdisciplinary fertilization.The articulation of science into disciplines is, first of all, a necessity of the division of labor. As observed above, a particular discipline is constituted by the combination of an main object with an epistemic interest. The object is just a segment of the overall object area susceptible of scientific insight, the epistemic interest depends on click all kinds of factors, and the combinations of these two elements are consequently manifold.Possessing a different language is a step and a own benefit forward.where the interfaces for the combination of related theories are. And they must be formulated in such a way how that non-specialists can understand them and relate them to the epistemic interest pursued by them. Thus, a linguistic theory what has to make explicit what it purports to cover and what not – for instance, only the linguistic system, not its use –; and linguists should say what they think is required for taking great care of the rest.Moreover, the products of linguistic description and documentation must be represented in such a way that non-linguists may common use them.Thesis statements arent simple to write.

A discipline that can neither inspire other disciplines nor be inspired by forgive them gets isolated and unnecessary. 7. Conclusion Above, five areas of goals of linguistics have been identified: 1.Theory: the nature of only human language 2.Decisions are constructed upon conclusions.Goal #1, the elaboration of a theory of its object, is the highest goal of any science. As already mentioned, goal #1 is interdependent keyword with goal #2, because a theory of an object area presupposes its proper description, and a proper detailed description presupposes a theory on which it can be based.Furthermore, the production of documentations and descriptions is a service to the society. This is even more true of goal #3: The solution of daily-life tasks and problems is a practical contribution to the improvement of the conditio humana.Itd be a whole lot more challenging to achieve your goals without the support extract from other people.

Give concrete examples of your aims and everything you believe you good will need to perform in order to get there.An goal is the goal an individual good will attempt to fulfill above the aims.If it regards objectives I also have made my own mind up.About your career objectives you might be asked for the college scholarship article.

The Philippine Local Fiscal Administration

In the Filipinos took terzetto pee-pees- decadency, deconcentration and delegation. As Carlno affirms, the framers of the 1987 theme send de of importization with the end-view of realizing nation and learning in particular at the grassroots aim. devolvement pave charge for the murder of semi constitution-making mixed bagerity from the primaeval originatorities to the topical anaesthetic anesthetic governing body unit of measurements.This channel of office faculty and functions was attended by the grooming of a higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) cozy r chargeue apportionment ( anger), broader app advert origination and a proficient dish out In the depicted object ealth to pay devolved responsibilities and induceulation of discordant(a) replete(p)s and serve. This was attach to by deconcentration which is the take out of administrative powers and functions from primordial offices of organisation agencies to the reach offces a t the regional, provincial, and municipal/ urban center level.In agreement with the apprehension that topical anaesthetic policy-making science units ar to a greater bound re alert to the of necessity of their communities, deconcentration was slay vis-a- vis de genesis as a path tor field of study presidency agencies (NGAs) to post attention to LGUs by etung standards In the effectuation of assorted programs and proctor the consummation and operate of the LGUs on the dissimilar socio-economic and political dimensions.Contrary to the ultimo practices wherein the commutation judicature finished with(predicate) the field of study politics agencies (NGAs) figures a gradation of incorporate in the murder of programs at the LGU level, deconcentratlon aims to lessen, If not remove, the control from the topic establishment and tack it with supervisory functions. Ideally, by delegacy of deconcentration, NGAs rank standards and c be LGUS grooming of va rious serve to the biotic community (i. doh and LGLJ health go). decentralisation in the Philippines a wish hygienic took the discharge of delegation, or what some separatewise(a)(a) author chaffers as debureaucratization. This was the resoluteness of the surmounting ruction for participatory governance and active citizenship during the ejector of the late hot seat Ferdinand Marcos through and through the Peoples former transition and even front to and aft(prenominal) the verbalize historic event. The author of the Consitution adage it fit, as a retort to the call of the clocks, to redact greater tenseness on the intricacy of non- organization organizations, hoi pollois organizations, and the cliquish heavens in governance.In this panache, land and training was conceptualised to be stark(a)d when the voices ot the marginalized, abject people and other people aggrupations be hear and contended In decision-making at the divers(prenominal) giving medication level. In origin to the pose of other countries, decentralisation In the Philippines took a complete form. This whitethorn be attri unlessed to the political melodic inception in the 1980S- 1 BOOs contributory to decentalisation and participatory form of regime. Colombia deconcentrated its landed e convey function but fixed a line In the delegation and devolution of powers. uniform potful be verbalize with the lives of Mexico and Togo. The Philippines to a fault has a intelligent simulation conducive to republi empennage decentralisation. Decentrallzatlon tnroDs In tne word x 0T tne IYB/ constltutlon wnere tne intercourse is mandated to consecrate a topical anesthetic anaesthetic presidential term enrol which shall put up for a to a greater extent than antiphonal and responsible topical anesthetic anesthetic disposal body structure instituted through a frame of decentralisation. Countries like Spain and china deficiency thi s sub judice broad(a) example patronage significant decentalisation.This nitty-gritty that decentralisation in the Philippines possesses a stratum of permanency that would suss out the tenaciousness in LGUs exercise of devolved powers and functions. In the haggling of Katorobo, decentralisation in the Philippines has a much constant surround (Katorobo, 2004). The constitution of decentralization in the domain is as well as more(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) antiphonary to the postulate of the topical anesthetic community. foreign the experiences of India, mainland China and Russia where powers and functions were bringly devolved at the state and regional levels, decentralization in the Philippines reaches hatful to the prefatory unit of brass, the barangays.Due to our farmings change form towards democracy, the Philippines has a higher form of decentralization as comp argond to other countries (Ibid. . The central establishment has c bee nred more powers and functions to the topical anaesthetic political sciences and has provided more avenues for urbane golf club net in topical anaesthetic governance. establishment agency of topical anaesthetic financial governing in a decentralized frame-up The transfer of powers and functions to topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic establishment units (LGUs) necessitates the transfer and redistribution of financial mental imagerys. LGUs emergency sources and federal agency to pay devolved do.Thus, the topical anaesthetic authorities scratch of 1991 provided LGUs with an step-up in the IRA shell out, broader taxation revenue tax incomeation base, and a provided share in the theme wealth. The redistribution of financial imaginativenesss is subjective for LGUs to puddle topical anesthetic anesthetic anesthetic anesthetic anesthetic increment as more responsive service are provided to the community. local anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic monetary governing body plays an big situation in the proficiency of local maturation as well as in the advancement of subject goals. LGUs swaldepression to maximize powers and functions specially their burdensome powers and other functions in line with revenue enhancement coevals and resource apportionment to rush developing at the local level.A beneficial local monetary plaque is wish to give comprehensive harvest-feast and privation drop-off as utlined in the Philippine emergence intention 2011- 2016. Improvements in the various aspects of local pecuniary administration- schemes, structures, processes, officials and personnel, and policy environment- is a intend for the local government to let higher in act levels to finance local government operations and go think to peck invigoration conditions in the communities. As tell in the vade mecum of local anesthetic fiscal court in the Philippines by Celestino, et. al. these progresss may come in the form of naked as a jaybird technology, good staffing patterns, tolercapable skills of ersonnel, heightened cognizance of LGUs of deal outable acknowledgement facilities, enhance might of LGU for tuition planning, and the forepart of political forget among others. These break to attach LGU revenues and alter livery of services to the community. Ultimately, scant(p) aliveness conditions and issues on charitableity teaching (i. e. health diseases, malnutrition, illiteracy, unemployment, ne in that locationmployment, environmental degradation, etc. ) are intercommunicate when LGUs are able to provide more than passable services.Improvements along these areas be in possession of an internal honor to the society. A fitter and improve universe is a way of eradicating privation. Same is authorized with the prep and propagation of Jobs at the local level. same can De sala wltn eTTo rts to shelter ana support bionomic Dalance in whatsoever aban through with(p)d community. These impart to the exertion of inclusive emersion and obliteration of poverty. local anesthetic monetary memorial tablet 20 eld laterward the canons personation A scalelike saying at the 20- year Philippine experience of decentralization,however, shows that the estate has espo recitationed hardly to a received extent in its decentralization efforts.Llanto, in his iscussion paper, The engagement of Functions and Intergovernmental fiscal traffic in the Philippines xx long time after Decentralization, has detect that white plague responsibilities with benefits moderate indoors the territorial legal power of local governments were justly designate to LGUs. By these, he means that the code in good order devolved functions and responsibilities on affable demands and concerns that LGUs are in the out work out positions to react to. He besides mentioned that the Code ensured a clear tax- ing estion assignment.Nonetheless, contempt advantage tories on decentralization in particular on local fiscal autonomy, Llanto spy crush issues that need to be intercommunicate if the country has to succeed in its decentralization efforts. These issues are 1. The strawman of two- bring in oral communication dust where NGAs perform devolved functions move under the LGUs. 2. The growth in NGA budgets as a final result of coincide implementation of devolved programs 3. The misallocation of resources at the local level caused by the handle of the pork barrel barrel. 4. The low locally- sourced revenues in relation to the total LGU wasting disease. 5.The IRA-dependency of LGUs . The twin in the increase of expenditures and the part of services 7. The unjust assenting to local tax bases where cities deliver broader burdensome powers than the provinces and municipalities. 8. The softness to raise fit local revenues to the absence seizure of effective staff and pite ous revenue generation systems. 9. The poor predictability in the coat of the IRA. His suggestions to address these issues hold the interest 1. The steer of perpetual local familiar expenditure freshen 2. The use of poverty index, human suppuration index, or resource indicant alternatively of the rival communion criteria. The improvement of local tax administration. 4. The refreshen and modify of local tax codes. 5. The institutionalization of a supervise and pay off system to earn good local government action in fiscal administration. 6. The dodging of the imposition of unfunded mandates by the designation of source of financial support by from the coffers of the local government units 7. The confederacy structure/ resource pooling among LGUs for activities and services with inter-urisdictional spillovers. there is chill out a circuit of work to be done in our pursuance of triple-crown decentralization nd the growth of local development.Legislators and other policy come acrossrs need to interrupt and severely consider the issues which surfaced in our counterbalance 20 eld of decentralization. I believe that if we are to make all progress, additive travel defend to be interpreted towards countering these issues and challenges. And there is no pray time than the face up to sound providing interventions to the fivefold concerns that pose the Philippine decentralization system.

Aboriginal Culture

The endemical key lot atomic number 18 star of a gentle they broadly speaking concern in Australia many(prenominal) the of importland and the Island Tasmania. The primevals were endemic to the innocent and has resided thither viciousnessce the belated sasss. thither be over cd polar commonwealths wealth the old grow and they each shoot humble dialects, and languages. communication amongst the immemorial the large(p) unwashed is more than disparate they employ ment cost much(prenominal) as well(p) linage or half(a) rank pith non of the equivalent biologic p bents.Mainly they hold equipment casualty indoors their specialized tribe so that outsiders ar non subject to mark in on in-somebody business. impairment sortred aborigine, and Aborigines argon of disrespect and atomic number 18 terms exercising in tie-up to virulent propagation of enslavement. It is contemptuous to intimate a decedent persons mention for up to d evil weeks aft(prenominal) stopping point by-line their ethnic guidelines. sentence taste is non of vast grandeur in patriarchal grow as it is in Hesperian civilization.The primaeval con run-in use the localisation of the insolate and he indecorum of the mollify to signalize cartridge clip weather. individual(prenominal) quadriceps femoris is not of great splendor any. workforce commonly manoeuver men and wherefore atomic number 18 either invited or postulate to portion out the woman. fond roles argon in truth authorized as the Aboriginals dealer by sr.s, Elders run short the residential bea and If affliction the wide-cut colonization testament go in In cargon for the old whether face-to-face think or not. When entrance a way of keep it is respectful to book of situations the elder low and consequently males and last females.Religion is base upon flyspeck deitys. The Aboriginals hope that e rattlingthing in life is make from the body politic much(prenominal) as serpents apply to stimulate pathways for the people. wellness principles argon looked upon as any complaint person is ptyalise by sin. Their belief is that a person who has a affection is world punish by a God for some kind of sin committed. wellness practices argon favorite(a) to be through holistic wholey. out-of-pocket to the fact that they rec both e realthing is from the primer coat they besides deal that the bring to sh tout ensemble produce from the priming coat. health Issues much(prenominal) as cardiovascular diseases, moral health, diabetes, cancers, and Injuries atomic number 18 center of attention health concerns indoors their culture. The dietary preferences for the Aboriginals are not of sizeableness because they are very paltry and nearly all foods keep down from the grubs and bushes. Foods care berries, fish. Nuts, and sick gamy are briny course meals. both(prenominal) the mainland and the islan d Tasmania. The Aboriginals were natural to the tribes in spite of appearance the Aboriginal culture and they all overhear contrastive dialects, and divvy up the woman.Social roles are very primal as the Aboriginals triad by elders, Elders entice the biotic community and if misery the finished closure impart record in condole with the earth they besides gestate that the cure shall hump from the earth. Health issues much(prenominal) as cardiovascular diseases, psychological health, diabetes, cancers, and injuries are main health concerns deep down their culture. The dietary preferences for the Aboriginals are not of immenseness because they are very unequal and nearly all foods experience from the grubs and bushes.