Facts About Sponges (Porifera)

Sponges (Porifera) are a group of animals that includes about 10,000 living species. Members of this group include glass sponges, demosponges, and calcareous sponges. Adult sponges are sessile animals that live attached to hard rocky surfaces, shells, or submerged objects. The larvae are ciliated, free-swimming creatures. Most sponges inhabit marine environments but a few species live in freshwater habitats. Sponges are primitive multicellular animals that have no digestive system, no circulatory system, and no nervous system. They do not have organs and their cells are not organized into well-defined tissues. About Sponge Types There are three subgroups of sponges. The glass sponges have a skeleton that consists of fragile, glass-like spicules that are made of silica. The demosponges are often vibrantly colored and can grow to be the largest of all sponges. The demosponges account for more than 90 percent of all living sponge species. The calcarious sponges are the only group of sponges to have spicules that are made of calcium carbonate. Calcarious sponges are often smaller than other sponges. Sponge Body Layers The body of a sponge is like a sac that is perforated with lots of small openings or pores. The body wall consists of three layers: An outer layer of flat epidermal cellsA middle layer that consists of gelatinous substance and amoeboid cells that migrate within the layerAn inner layer that consists of flagellated cells and collar cells (also called choanocytes) How Sponges Eat Sponges are filter feeders. They draw water in through the pores located throughout their body wall into a central cavity. The central cavity is lined with collar cells which have a ring of tentacles that surround a flagellum. Movement of the flagellum creates current that keeps water flowing through the central cavity and out of a hole at the top of the sponge called the osculum. As water passes over the collar cells, food is captured by the collar cells ring of tentacles. Once absorbed, food is digested in food vacuoles or transferred to the amoeboid cells in the middle layer of the body wall for digestion. The water current also delivers a constant supply of oxygen to the sponge and removes nitrogenous waste products. Water exits the sponge through the large opening at the top of the body called the osculum. Classification of Porifera Sponges are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Invertebrates Porifera Sponges are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Calcarious sponges (Calcarea): There are about 400 species of calcarious sponges alive today. The calcareous sponges have spicules that consist of calcium carbonate, calcite, and aragonite. The spicules have two, three, or four points, depending on species.Demosponges (Demospongiae): There are about 6,900 species of demo sponges alive today. The demo sponges are the most diverse of the three groups of sponges. Members of this group are ancient creatures that first arose during the Precambrian.Glass sponges (Hexactinellida): There are about 3,000 species of glass sponges alive today. Glass sponges have a skeleton that is constructed from siliceous spicules.

Ethics in Academics - 2371 Words

Ethics in an Academic Environment Ethics in an Academic Environment Introduction Cheating University policy. Universities have developed set policies covering the appropriate uses of technology in an academic setting because electronic devices have evolved to the point that cheating is far easier now than it was in the past. Personal Data Assistants (PDA’s) are a very common factor in everyday life, MP3 players are found in almost everyone’s pocket or backpack, and the use of the internet opens up a whole new world for academic learning, and consequently, cheating. Most Colleges and Universities seek to promote academic ethics and to prevent cheating with a formal policy. Whether a school puts forth a†¦show more content†¦The effectiveness of prevention techniques will depend upon the vigilance of the professor employing them. Once item that is noted to have a positive outcome is the development of honor codes (Cole, McCabe, 1996). The SUNY Task Force also notes the importance of both faculty and students taking an active role in enforcing a code as well as his or her involvement in promoting understanding of its provisions (2006). It was also noted that faculty must be willing to report and discipline students who violate the Honor Code. Research presented by the SUNY Task Force indicates â€Å"44% of those who were aware of student cheating in their course n the last three years, have never reported a student cheating to the appropriate campus authority† (2006). This data is also confirmed by a US News World report indicating that â€Å"1/3 of faculty from 21 different campuses† (Unknown, 2007) also did nothing when they encountered cheating. Reasons to Cheat What would make a good and honest student cheat? One major contributor is the stress one feels while furthering his or her education. Academic performance can create these pressures because high scores are difficult to achieve. University and college students are placed under an enormous demand to execute by parents, professors, and themselves. The peer pressure experienced when a student may be competing with another student over grades orShow MoreRelatedEthics in Academics1315 Words   |  6 PagesEthics In An Academic Environment Attending The University of Phoenix, we are required in Gen 300 to write a research paper on Ethics In An Academic Environment. In this research paper, you will be able to understand the ethics and environment and how they both are in our everyday surroundings. We will also explain how Ethics in an Environment affects everyone on a day-to-day basis whether good or bad. Ethics in an Academic Environment plays a very important part of our lives. Ethics is theRead MoreAcademic Ethics And Academic Integrity Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesAcademic ethics are the moral codes or the shared standards of an academic enterprise and the core of its success (Occidental College, 2016). Basically, academic ethics require each student, to be honest, responsible, fair, respectful, give credit where it is due, turn in their original work, and etc. (Michigan State University, n.d.). Academic integrity requires students to do their own work without unauthorized help from others, cheating, lying, p lagiarizing, and stealing (Valdosta State UniversityRead MoreAcademic Ethics : Academic Integrity1080 Words   |  5 Pages Academic Integrity Name Institution Academic Integrity Any person who is in academics has to abide by some norms, so that he can carry out the academic work with morality and conscience. By definition, academic integrity stands for the ethical policy or the moral code of the realm of academics. Upholding academic integrity is the responsibility of the students, researchers or academicians. Any person related to academics has to be honest in his or her approach, and that shouldRead MoreThe Ethics Of Academic Misconduct1192 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic misconduct is a very sensitive issue and my personal views have oscillated during my scholastic activities. Since childhood parents instill good virtues such as don’t lie, don’t cheat, don’t misuse and don’t break trust amongst other morals. Academic integrity is intrinsically against all the principles we were brought up on, then why is it so common? Is it partly because we don’t categorize plagiarism as cheating or is it because of the prevalent occurrences: that everybody does it so whyRead MoreThe Ethics Of Academic Integrity1149 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast Ethics Research Articles Ethics are the principals that build an individual’s character and integrity. It is the code of conduct that a person lives by; it is the way that a person conducts themselves when no one is around. 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Both of these extremes, beg the qu estion whether an honor code, suchRead MoreAcademic Ethics And Ethical Procedures906 Words   |  4 Pagessurrounding Academic Integrity and ethical procedures as they relate to students, scholarly research and practice. We will take a look at the viewpoints of two articles that tackle this issue. When I think about the word â€Å"ethics†, morals and doing the right thing comes to mind. In life, there is a constant struggle between making good and bad choices, especially if the choice you choose can make or break your career. In the first article, Aaron Roche, (2012-2013) highlight several levels of academic dishonestyRead MoreImportance of Ethics in Business as an Academic Discipline8970 Words   |  36 PagesBusiness Ethics 2. Ethics as an Academic Discipline 3. Importance of Ethics in Business as an Academic Discipline 4. The Case Against Business Ethics Education 5. Conclusion 0.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Question 1: Discuss the importance of Ethics in business as an Academic Discipline. 0.3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In today’s highly competitive, performance-driven business climate, regulations are not enough; professional ethics codes are not enough; the old model of â€Å"business ethics† is notRead MoreAcademic Integrity Becomes The Breeding Ground For Ethics2504 Words   |  11 PagesAcademic Integrity can be defined in six simple words: honesty, trust, fairness, respect, responsibility, and courage (ICAI). Through these values individuals are able to encourage academic communities to turn their ideologies into actions (ICAI). Therefore, Academic Integrity becomes the breeding ground for ethics in academia. When looking at cheating, plagiarism, maintaining academic standards, and maintaining a sense of honesty in levels of academia, the goal of academic leaders is to encourageRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Health Care Leaves Students With The Challenge Of Gaining Academic Writing Styles1100 Words   |  5 Pageschallenge of gaining academic writing styles, which many lack. An af fective academic paper is presented in a certain way with a set structure, with a specific purpose and formed through a structured process. If students do not know how to correctly form and present an essay, problems may occur in the form of plagiarism, leaving the academic paper ineffective. An academic essay with no structure is as ineffective as one without the right process, both are need for an academic paper to be successful

Essay On Social Class In An Inspector Calls Example For Students

Essay On Social Class In An Inspector Calls A well made play is a play that observes the three unities. The three unities are as follows: Unity of Time, Unity of Action and Unity of place. The play An Inspector Calls uses unity of time because the amount of time that passes in the play is actually how long it takes to perform in real time. It uses unity of action by sticking to one main plot. The plot is all about what the Birling family and Gerald have done to Eva Smith. It also uses unity of place as almost everything happens in the same place, which is the Birlings dining room. The play An Inspector Calls was written in 1945, which was just at the end of the Second World War. The play is set in 1912, just before the First World War. The play was set at this particular time so that J. B. Priestley could get his message across more clearly. The message was that we all have to take responsibility for our actions, which can have consequences. Another reason why this may be a well made play is that J. B. Priestley gives hints to the audience at the beginning, which builds up excitement and interest. The hints given are revealed slowly throughout the play. Examples of the hints would be when Sheila comments about Gerald never coming near her the previous summer; eventually we find out that Gerald has been connected with an affair. Secondly could be when Mr. Birling remarks about the war and the Titanic. He carries on talking about how the Germans will never conclude to war and how it is virtually impossible. He also says that the luxury liner the Titanic is setting of next week and he describes it as Unsinkable, absolutely Unsinkable. We know what happens afterwards, World War One begins and the Titanic was one of the biggest disasters in history of liners. From the examples and statements we find out J. B. Priestley is telling us something very important which is, no matter what Mr. Birling says it is completely wrong. Thirdly, when Eric says, Yes, I remember and then suddenly stops. When he says this he is having a conversation with Gerald (sisters husband) and Mr. Birling (his dad). The conversation is on women and their clothing, as Gerald agrees with Mr. Birling by saying Thats true. Eric says, Yes I remember but as he sees his father sitting next to him he checks himself and pauses. This gives the audience a fair bit of an idea that Eric has been linked or confronted with a woman before, that no one in his family know of. Gradually, as the play progresses, the audience interest increases as more and more is revealed about the familys involvement with Eva Smith. Firstly we learn that Mr. Birling has sacked Eva Smith from his own factory because she asked for more pay. I think Mr. Birling couldnt care less about Eva, he thought of the situation as strictly business. Well, its my duty to keep labour costs down, and if Id agreed to this demand for a new rate wed have added about twelve percent to our labour costs. Secondly, Sheila got Eva Smith fired when jealousy arose with in her. This is when Sheila thought Eva was laughing at her at how she looked in an item of clothing. Sheila thought Eva would look much better in the dress than she would, so she complained to the manager and demanded she be fired; because of how well known and of a high-class she was the demand was met by the manager. At first Sheila did not care or realise what she had done but after knowing Eva had died she felt very guilty. .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc , .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc .postImageUrl , .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc , .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc:hover , .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc:visited , .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc:active { border:0!important; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc:active , .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub77456c8fec37df1ba0f5c3fa3828ddc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The play An Inspector Calls Persuasive EssayYes, thats it. And I know Im to blame and Im desperately sorry but I cant believe- I wont believe- its simply my fault that in the end she- she committed suicide. That would be too horrible- Thirdly, Gerald was involved after having an affair with her and then ending the relationship after he had used her. Gerald felt partly at fault, She didnt blame me at all. I wish to god she had now, said Gerald after finding out she had died. Fourthly, Eric was one of the worst of all; he had raped her, made her pregnant and also gave Eva stolen money. Eric felt absolutely terrible at what he had done and took full responsibility. I dont see much nonsense about it when a girl goes and kills herself. You lot may be letting yourself out nicely, but I cant. Nor can mother. We did her in all right. Lastly was Mrs. Birling, she was the one who refused to help Eva Smith when she needed the most aid. Mrs. Birlings organisation rejected Eva even when she was pregnant only because she gave her name as Mrs. Birling (Erics wife). Mrs. Birling took least responsibility may be even none as this shows, Simply because Ive done nothing wrong- and you know it. All the characters had a link with Eva Smith but only some cared. Mr. and Mrs.Birling were only concerned about their reputations and business, on the other hand Eric and Sheila took full blame whilst Gerald was rather neutral, different from all the other characters. J. B. Priestley also keeps the audience interested and fascinated through the familys argument about who is most liable to blame for Eva Smiths death. The audience concludes, like Sheila and Eric that they are all equally responsible for the death of Eva Smith. We see that Mr. and Mrs. Birling are trying to force the accusations on to their own children, where as they feel; the death was caused by everyone in their family including Gerald.

Classical Theory Structure Essay Example For Students

Classical Theory Structure Essay Classical Theory StructureIntroductionBy way of illustration, in this document we will describe and explain theclassical structural theory as presented by Max Weber. To highlight theadvantages and disadvantages of this classical structure as used in a realisticmodern organization we will apply this theroy as used today in our public policedepartment. Classical Structural TheoryIn the classical structural theory a person is hired for their technicalexpertise rather than on the recommendation of a connection from within thecompany. Generally these people are more inclined to work in very well-definedprocess oriented positions. Employees are given titles in which the authorityto perform specific duties are vested. Outside of the defined position theemployee has little or no authority. Lines of authority and positions are clearly defined by formallyestablished rules and regulations that help to ensure uniformity of operations,and provide for continuity of business as well as making responsibility easy toplace. In his 10 points Weber implied that procedures imposed on all who fallwithin their reach are formal and impersonal (Pace Faules, 1994, p. 30-31). In addition to these procedures, It is suggested that an attitude of disciplineis an integral part of the organization that wants to promote efficiency (Pace Faules, 1994, chapter 3). They are intentionally designed without attention topersonal or emotional considerations to prevent distortion of employeesrational judgment in carrying out their assigned duties. Employees working ina classically structured organization are encouraged to maintain distinctionbetween their private and professional lives. The last tenet of Max Weberstheory involves security and advancement. He held that security in a positionwas gained by tenure. For motivated individuals who want to advance theircareers, hard work and achievement are viewed in this type of organization asthe best way to develop a good rapport with the supervisor. Becauseresponsibility is so easily laid on individuals, awarding recognition on anindividual basis is the rule. In todays society, even as we progress from the so-called Industrial Ageto the Information Age, such organizations still exist. The police departmentis a high visibility organization that continues to utilize the ideas founded inclassical theory. Potential officers are given a series of tests, both physicaland mental, which determine to a great extent their probability of being hired. In line with Webers work, each position in the department has a title which isrepresentative of their level in the hierarchy (Pace Faules, 1994, p. 30-31). Strict self discipline is praised and there are many policies in place to ensurethat rational judgment is maintained. The most common way to advance in thepolice department is through time on the job. Seniority, especially whencombined with competency, is given a great deal of weight. Maintaining thepremise that authority is vested not in a person but in the position, when anofficer leaves the force he or she looses the power to chase criminals throughred lights, arrest drug lords, and perform other duties for which the authorityrises out of the position once held. Advantages of Classical Structural TheoryThe opinion that easily identifiable structure and tightly managed rulesand regulations are advantageous in public organizations is widely held. Structure and policy are of tremendous interest to all those interested in theuniformity and continuity of public safety. The advantages of the classical structure within our example have multipleimpacts on how the organization operates. As affirmed by Frederick Taylor, witha clear and concise reporting path we can visualize how the police departmentutilizes this in their daily operations (Pace Faules, 1994, p. 32-33). In acrisis situation it is imperative that the police department work in a unisondirection with as little verbal interaction as possible. This allows partnersto communicate with a structural nonverbal direction. Strict rules guiding thebehavior of officers on duty help to protect the public from officers acting outdomestic aggressions at work. In this way, the separation of private andprofessional lives is a distinct advantage. .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 , .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 .postImageUrl , .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 , .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3:hover , .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3:visited , .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3:active { border:0!important; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3:active , .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3 .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u64666c8e69bb53f44d6f7d8bc60c22e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ernest hemingway 2 EssayDisadvantages of Classical Structural TheoryDespite the many advantages associated with this type of arrangement withinthe police department, a number of disadvantages also exist. For employees,goals of advancement maybe slow to realize due to the tenure required to obtainvarious levels in the hierarchy. In addition to tenure, employees of the policedepartment are also limited by budget restraints and number of employees neededto provide an acceptable level of service. For the public, the rules andregulations followed by officers leave little room for consideration ofindividual circumstances. ConclusionAs a result of several years of this type of structure, and the culminationof several high tech jobs in the market place, many companies are beginning tomove away from this type of organization. Companies have come to realize thatemployees personal goals and environment are critical to their workperformance, which classical structure tends to stagnate. Thus, it is theconsensus of the group that classically structured organizations should start toexamine the impacts that a more subjective approach to organizing may have ontheir specific organizations. Philosophy